1. Comparison: Vitamin D group got supplements with 50,000 IU vs. Placebo group got 0 IU weekly for 8 weeks. Ref
   
2. Results: In the Vitamin D group
   a) Intensity of cramps reduced by 2 points out of 10
   b) Painkillers needed reduced from 2 per day to 1
   No change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Vitamin D group got supplements with 50,000 IU Vitamin D vs. Placebo group got 0 IU weekly for 8 weeks. Both groups were Vitamin D deficient. Ref

2. Results: In the Vitamin D group
a) Number of painkillers needed reduced from 4 to 1 
b) Pain intensity reduced by almost 5 points out of 10
No such change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Vitamin D group got supplements with 50,000 IU Vitamin D vs. Placebo group got 0 IU for 5 days before the start of menstruation for 2 cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the Vitamin D group
a) Period pain levels decreased by 3 points out of 10
b) Perceived severity of pain decreased from 2 to 1 out of 4
No such change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Vitamin E group got supplements with 400 units of Vitamin E vs. Placebo group got 0 units to take from 2 days before periods until day 3 of bleeding for 3 cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the Vitamin E group
a) Period pain intensity reduced by 57%
b) Pain scores reduced by 3 points out of 10
No such change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Group 1 got supplements with 1000 mg Calcium and 5000 IU Vitamin D3, Group 2 got only 1000 mg Calcium, and Placebo group got 0 mg from day 15 of their menstrual cycles, for 3 cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the Calcium + Vit D group
a) Period pain intensity reduced by almost 2 points out of 10
b) Mental wellbeing scores improved by 7 points, and physical wellbeing by 3 points
No such change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Group 1 got supplements with 600 mg Calcium and 300 mg Magnesium, Group 2 got only 600 mg Calcium, and the Placebo group got 0 mg from day 15 of their menstrual cycles, for 2 cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the Calcium + Magnesium group
a) Pain intensity reduced by 2 points out of 10
b) Number of hours spent resting due to the pain reduced from 5 hours to 1 hour
No such change in the placebo group

1. Comparison: TENS therapy for period cramps vs. sham TENS for 3 menstrual cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the TENS group
a) Period pain intensity reduced immediately by almost 2 points out of 10
b) Number of hours spent in pain reduced by 4 hours
No such change observed in the placebo group

1. Comparison: TENS therapy for period cramps vs. sham TENS for 30-minute durations every 8 hours. Ref

2. Results: In the TENS group
a) Pain intensity reduced by 6 out of 10 points
b) Number of painkillers needed reduced from 3 to 1
No such change observed in the placebo group

1. Comparison: Heat patch for period pain relief vs. Ibuprofen. Ref

2. Results: In both groups
a) Period pain scores were the same - 26 out of 100
b) Emotional impact of pain was similar - around 3 out of 10

1. Comparison: Heat patch for period pain relief vs. painkillers vs. no treatment for 3 menstrual cycles. Ref

2. Results: In the heat patch group
a) After 4 hours, pain intensity reduced by 4 points out of 10, compared to 3 points in the painkiller group
b) After 8 hours, pain intensity reduced by 7 points, compared to a 4 point reduction in the painkiller group
No such effect in the no treatment group